Thallus
Crustose, with a relatively smooth and well-defined thallus, which can sometimes cover large surfaces (up to 12 cm). The determination to the species level requires the use of chemical reagents, microscopic examination, or even molecular analysis.
Color
Whitish, greyish, yellowish or greenish-white
Reproduction
Apothecia: frequent and often numerous, about 1–2 mm in diameter, disc and margin usually of different colors, sometimes covered with whitish powder (4)
Soralia: absence
Isidia: absence
Substrate
On bark, rock, or artificial substrate
Habitat
Very variable, but often nitrophilous
Sensitivity to air pollution
Very variable, but often resistant to pollution